ABSTRACT
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an, intractable inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by T-cell infiltration to the colon. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), owing to their immunosuppressive capabilities, have the potential to rescue IBD. But the therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs is sometime thwarted by their variable immunomodulatory ability in vivo. In the present study, we produced engineered MSCs that secrete interleukin10 (IL-10) and evaluated their therapeutic potential in IBD mouse model. The MSCs maintained the phenotype and cell proliferation rate after overexpression of IL-10 by lentivirus (LV) infection. Immune cells and MSCs in vitro co-culture systems exhibited that relative to unmodified MSCs, immune cells co-cultured with IL-10-overexpressing MSCs had significantly lower numbers of T helper 1 cells (Th1) and T helper 17 cells (Th17) (P0.05). Overall, LV induced MSCs overexpressing IL-10 might be a promising alternative therapeutic option for the treatment of IBD.
ABSTRACT
Testosterone (T) is a key member of the androgen family, and its biosynthesis is regulated by the hypothalamie-pituitary-gonadal axis, and it is an important hormone that drives sexual differentiation and body development in mammals. The regulatory effects of testosterone on the organism include the androgen receptor (AR) mediated genomic pathway and the non-genomic pathway independent of AR. The genomic approach is that testosterone binds to AR in the cytoplasm through the cell membrane, and then the ligand receptor complex is transferred into the nucleus and combines with androgen response elements (ARE) in the promoter region of the androgen response gene to regulate the downstream gene expression. By binding to receptors on the cell membrane, testosterone rapidly activates related signaling molecules on the membrane and in the cell, and produces effects by initiating transmembrane signal transduction mechanisms, a process known as non-genomic pathway. The heart is the first functional organ formed during embryonic development. Its main function is to provide power for blood flow. Its morphogenesis and function maintenance are closely related to the cell type that constitutes the heart. It is known that the heart is one of the target organs of androgens. In recent years, studies have found that ligand-dependent transcription factor AR is distributed in various cell types of heart tissues, including cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and cardiac fibroblasts. In addition to affecting gender differentiation and maintaining sexual characteristics, testosterone is also widely involved in the development and function maintenance of many tissues and organs. It also plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac physiological and pathological processes, including participating in heart development, inducing cardiac hypertrophy, regulating cardiac contraction, delaying cardiac aging and affecting vascular calcification. This paper reviews the function of testosterone and its receptor in the main cell types of the heart and their mechanism of action on cardiac physiological and pathological processes in order to provide a reference for the study of the mechanism of action of androgens in the heart.
ABSTRACT
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignancy and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. At present, there is no simple and effective screening method for early-stage GC, and the treatment results and prognosis are poor. With the continuous improvement of molecular biology techniques, research on circular RNA (circRNA) has gradually expanded over time. Much data supports the role of circRNA in tumorigenesis. Moreover, due to its structural specificity and biological stability, circRNA is anticipated to be a potential biomarker for tumor diagnosis. Studies have confirmed that circRNA can participate in the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis of GC. These findings will lead to novel directions for the diagnosis and treatment of GC. This article reviews the structure and function of circRNA, summarizes the current studies on circRNA, and discusses the potential diagnostic value of circRNA in GC.
ABSTRACT
In clinical researches, the authors find that cotton-pave moxibustion has obvious effect for treatment of common dermatopathy, such as herpes zoster. This therapy has some advantages such as easy operation, obvious clinical effect, slight and short burning pain and easy to be accepted by patients. The purpose of this paper is to make the operation of cotton-pave moxibustion standardized, spread and popularize the application of this therapy in dermatopathy through detailed description to the operation method and points for attention of cotton-pave moxibustion and its typical cases.